In recent years, computer graphics researchers have contributed significantly to novel computational tools for 3D printing. This course reviews current 3D printing hardware and software pipelines, and analyzes their potential and shortcomings. Then it focuses on computational specification for fabrication methods, which allow designing or computing an object's shape and material composition from a functional description. These approaches are grouped into two categories:

1. Automatic methods without user interaction. This section provides a coherent view of the underlying data structures, inverse problem formulations, and optimization strategies.

2. Interactive methods that keep the designer in the loop. This section describes recent efforts in interactive design and simulation methods for 3D printing, with a central focus on applications of interactive methods during the design process for stability enforcement. It also compares the underlying principles by analyzing use cases for airplane, furniture, and cloth design.